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Learning path
Understand Ethereum execution and settlement
Trace a contract call, its execution cost and the settlement boundary of a rollup.
Explain why a failed contract call can cost gas. Then describe how an L2 response differs from withdrawing funds to Ethereum mainnet.
Along this path
- How does Ethereum change shared state?
Separate execution rules from consensus.
- Ethereum accounts: what does a signature authorize?
Separate the wallet, account record, signed request and contract permission.
- What is a smart contract?
Code and state executed under a blockchain’s rules.
- Ethereum gas: why failed calls still cost
Separate execution work, transaction value and fees.
- How does proof of stake organize validation?
Stake and protocol duties are different from identity authentication.
- Why does “immutable” need conditions?
Receiving a transaction, including it in a block and finalizing history provide different evidence.
- Layer 2: what is inherited from Ethereum?
Separate settlement dependence from a connection through a bridge.
- Ethereum rollups: which confirmation matters?
Distinguish an L2 response from settlement and withdrawal.
- Base: an Ethereum Layer 2 in practice
Follow the path from an L2 transaction to Ethereum.
- Ethereum and ArcBlock: applications and assets
Compare responsibilities, then examine the bridge between them.
- Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Circle Arc, Base and ArcBlock
Compare state, execution and application responsibilities.